Projects to do

A school meal scheme costs public money and gives benefits that are hard to count, so choices about what to include change the verdict.

Official inflation averages everyone's shopping, but a student's basket of rent, travel and food can feel very different.

Drivers, a ride app and passengers each act in their own interest, and the fares everyone ends up with may suit none of them.

Insurers worry that sick people buy cover more eagerly and that insured people take less care, and these two worries shape every policy.

Rent control is meant to protect tenants, yet owners and economists warn of side effects such as fewer homes offered for rent.

Most students intend to save but spend what is in the wallet, which is a classic gap between intention and action.

Where the pipe does not reach, tankers fill the gap, and the market can be orderly, rough or controlled by a few suppliers.

Electricity tariffs often charge homes, shops and farms differently, and the pattern hides trade-offs between cost, fairness and the utility's finances.

Rival pumps on the same road often show nearly the same prices day after day, which looks calm but hides a quiet strategic understanding.

The same reminder can feel like a threat, a favour or a duty, and the wording may change whether people pay on time.

A port serving a whole region can charge shippers a lot if nobody else can handle their cargo, and a regulator must balance fairness against the port's need to invest.

Charging vehicles to enter a crowded area can cut jams and fumes, but it also raises questions of fairness, public transport and politics.

Governments can give poor households cash or goods such as grain, and each choice changes who gains, who is left out and who decides what is bought.

A district can build more clinics or pay and keep more doctors and nurses, yet empty clinics and overworked staff both waste public money.

Changing the tax on one common good ripples through prices, sales, small sellers and government revenue, and different groups feel it unequally.

A scheme can look successful simply because things were improving anyway, so a good evaluation must imagine what would have happened without it.

Migrant workers often pay a lot for poor rooms, and a city can help by subsidising rent, building rental homes or easing rules, each with trade-offs.

When a city builds a metro with a private partner, someone has to bear the risk of too few riders, and the split of that risk shapes the whole deal.

When the rupee moves against other currencies, importers, exporters and shoppers all feel it differently, and the same move can help one and hurt another.

In an airwaves auction each bidder must guess what rivals will do, and bidding too high or too low both carry a real cost.

A town can ban bags, tax them or simply nudge shoppers, and each route works through very different incentives and invites different workarounds.

A licence rule can protect customers and neighbours, yet heavy paperwork may push small shops into informality or out of business.

A city can let many operators run buses freely or give one operator a route, and the two systems differ on fares, safety, coverage and cost to the public purse.

A patient's route from clinic to hospital depends on incentives that are rarely visible, such as fees, targets and fear of blame.