Projects to do

When a city builds a metro with a private partner, someone has to bear the risk of too few riders, and the split of that risk shapes the whole deal.

When the rupee moves against other currencies, importers, exporters and shoppers all feel it differently, and the same move can help one and hurt another.

Second homes and short-stay rentals bring money into Goa's villages, but residents worry about rising rents, empty houses in the rains and young people moving away, and the evidence is scattered.

In an airwaves auction each bidder must guess what rivals will do, and bidding too high or too low both carry a real cost.

A town can ban bags, tax them or simply nudge shoppers, and each route works through very different incentives and invites different workarounds.

A licence rule can protect customers and neighbours, yet heavy paperwork may push small shops into informality or out of business.

When fewer tourists arrive, it is not only shacks that lose: taxi drivers, fish sellers, landlords, bakeries and wage workers feel it too, but the size of the ripple is rarely sketched.

A city can let many operators run buses freely or give one operator a route, and the two systems differ on fares, safety, coverage and cost to the public purse.

A patient's route from clinic to hospital depends on incentives that are rarely visible, such as fees, targets and fear of blame.

A budget speech highlights some priorities, but the actual allocations may tell a slightly different story.

Competition authorities look at whether big platforms treat sellers and rivals fairly, and the remedies they choose carry their own risks.